Sunday, December 28, 2014
Congress of Vienna
The Congress of Vienna was a conference of ambassadors of European states chaired by Austrian statesman Klemens Wenzel von Metternich, and held in Vienna
from September 1814 to June 1815. The objective of the Congress was to
provide a long-term peace for Europe by settling critical issues arising
from the French Revolutionary Wars and the Napoleonic Wars.
The goal was not simply to restore old boundaries, but to resize the
main powers so they could balance each other off and remain at peace.
The leaders were conservatives with little use for republicanism or
revolution. France lost all its recent conquests, while Prussia, Austria
and Russia made major territorial gains. Prussia added smaller German
states in the west and 40% of the Kingdom of Saxony; Austria gained Venice and much of northern Italy. Russia gained parts of Poland.
The new kingdom of the Netherlands had been created just months before,
and included formerly Austrian territory that in 1830 became Belgium.
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